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1.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(3): 871-882, 2018 Mar.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29538567

ABSTRACT

RESULTS: This study aims to describe the prevalence of heavy drinking, high-risk alcohol consumption and associated factors among tobacco farmers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,469 tobacco farmers over 18 years old in 2011. High-risk alcohol consumption was considered the intake of three or more standard doses per day for men or two or more for women. Heavy drinking was considered the intake of four or more standard doses per day for men and three or more for women. Hierarchical multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and occupational variables. : The prevalence of high-risk and heavy drinking was of 4.7% and 1.09% among women and 30.8% and 4.8% among men, respectively. The factors associated with high-risk drinking for men and women were the percentage of income tobacco accounted for (PR 1.3 and 0.4), being an employee (PR 1.3 and 3.1), and use of pesticides (PR 1.5 and 2.1), respectively. Heavy drinking among men was associated with losing the crop (PR 1.6), attending religious activities (PR 0.3), and hours working in agriculture (PR 0.6). Occupational factors were associated wit high-risk alcohol consumption among men. The associated factors vary according to the pattern of consumption assessed.


RESULTADOS: Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a prevalência do beber pesado e o consumo de risco de bebida alcoólica e fatores associados em agricultores que cultivam fumo. Foi realizado estudo transversal em 2469 fumicultores, maiores de 18 anos, no ano de 2011. Foi considerado consumo de risco de bebida alcoólica a ingestão de 3 ou mais doses padrão por dia em homens e 2 ou mais em mulheres. O beber pesado foi a ingestão de 15 ou mais doses padrão por semana em homens e 8 ou mais em mulheres. Foi realizada análise multivariada hierarquizada, que examinou a associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e ocupacionais. : A prevalência do consumo de risco e beber pesado foi 4,7% e 1,09% em mulheres e 30,8% e 4,8% em homens, respectivamente. Foram associados com consumo de risco em homens e mulheres: o percentual da renda representado pelo fumo (RP 1,3 e 0,4), ser empregado (RP 1,3 e 3,1) e uso de agrotóxico (RP 1,5 e 2,1), respectivamente. Foi associado a beber pesado em homens: perda da lavoura (RP 1,6), participação em atividades religiosas (RP 0,3) e horas de trabalho agrícola (RP 0,6). Existe associação de fatores ocupacionais com o consumo de risco de bebidas alcoólicas em homens. Os fatores associados variam conforme o padrão de consumo avaliado.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Agriculture , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pesticides , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Young Adult
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(3): 871-882, Mar. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890536

ABSTRACT

Resumo Resultados Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a prevalência do beber pesado e o consumo de risco de bebida alcoólica e fatores associados em agricultores que cultivam fumo. Foi realizado estudo transversal em 2469 fumicultores, maiores de 18 anos, no ano de 2011. Foi considerado consumo de risco de bebida alcoólica a ingestão de 3 ou mais doses padrão por dia em homens e 2 ou mais em mulheres. O beber pesado foi a ingestão de 15 ou mais doses padrão por semana em homens e 8 ou mais em mulheres. Foi realizada análise multivariada hierarquizada, que examinou a associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, comportamentais e ocupacionais. : A prevalência do consumo de risco e beber pesado foi 4,7% e 1,09% em mulheres e 30,8% e 4,8% em homens, respectivamente. Foram associados com consumo de risco em homens e mulheres: o percentual da renda representado pelo fumo (RP 1,3 e 0,4), ser empregado (RP 1,3 e 3,1) e uso de agrotóxico (RP 1,5 e 2,1), respectivamente. Foi associado a beber pesado em homens: perda da lavoura (RP 1,6), participação em atividades religiosas (RP 0,3) e horas de trabalho agrícola (RP 0,6). Existe associação de fatores ocupacionais com o consumo de risco de bebidas alcoólicas em homens. Os fatores associados variam conforme o padrão de consumo avaliado.


Abstract Results This study aims to describe the prevalence of heavy drinking, high-risk alcohol consumption and associated factors among tobacco farmers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,469 tobacco farmers over 18 years old in 2011. High-risk alcohol consumption was considered the intake of three or more standard doses per day for men or two or more for women. Heavy drinking was considered the intake of four or more standard doses per day for men and three or more for women. Hierarchical multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and occupational variables. : The prevalence of high-risk and heavy drinking was of 4.7% and 1.09% among women and 30.8% and 4.8% among men, respectively. The factors associated with high-risk drinking for men and women were the percentage of income tobacco accounted for (PR 1.3 and 0.4), being an employee (PR 1.3 and 3.1), and use of pesticides (PR 1.5 and 2.1), respectively. Heavy drinking among men was associated with losing the crop (PR 1.6), attending religious activities (PR 0.3), and hours working in agriculture (PR 0.6). Occupational factors were associated wit high-risk alcohol consumption among men. The associated factors vary according to the pattern of consumption assessed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Tobacco , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Pesticides , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Agriculture , Middle Aged
3.
Cien Saude Colet ; 22(9): 2971-2978, 2017 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28954148

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze time trend of female mortality due to assault in Brazil, regions and states from 2002 to 2012. This is an ecological times series study with secondary data from women aged 20-59 years who died due to assault. Mortality rates were analyzed by simple linear regression and stratified by region, Gini Index and Human Development Index (HDI). The trend of female rate of mortality due to assault was stable in the country, with differences between states and regions. The Midwest had the highest rates and stagnation trend. There was an increased trend in the North, Northeast and South and a decreased trend in the Southeast. The states of the tertile with the highest HDI evidenced a declining trend and stabilization in the first and second tertiles. An increased mortality rate was recorded in states with greater social inequality. Notwithstanding the national stabilization behavior, results point to the need for social policies appropriate to the specificities of states and regions.


Subject(s)
Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data , Mortality/trends , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Young Adult
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(9): 2971-2978, Set. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890451

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade feminina por agressão no Brasil, regiões e estados no período de 2002 a 2012. Estudo ecológico de série temporal com dados secundários de mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos mortas por agressão. As taxas de mortalidade foram analisadas por regressão linear simples, estratificadas por região, Índice de Gini e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Evidenciou-se no país tendência estável na taxa de mortalidade feminina por agressão, com diferenças entre estados e regiões. O Centro-Oeste apresentou maiores taxas e tendência de estagnação. Observou-se tendência de aumento nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul e diminuição na região Sudeste. Os estados pertencentes ao tercil com maior IDH apresentam tendência de declínio e estabilização nos 1º e 2º tercis. Foi observado aumento da taxa de mortalidade nos estados com maior desigualdade social. Apesar do comportamento de estabilização no país os resultados apontam para a necessidade de políticas sociais adequadas às especificidades dos estados e regiões.


Abstract This study aimed to analyze time trend of female mortality due to assault in Brazil, regions and states from 2002 to 2012. This is an ecological times series study with secondary data from women aged 20-59 years who died due to assault. Mortality rates were analyzed by simple linear regression and stratified by region, Gini Index and Human Development Index (HDI). The trend of female rate of mortality due to assault was stable in the country, with differences between states and regions. The Midwest had the highest rates and stagnation trend. There was an increased trend in the North, Northeast and South and a decreased trend in the Southeast. The states of the tertile with the highest HDI evidenced a declining trend and stabilization in the first and second tertiles. An increased mortality rate was recorded in states with greater social inequality. Notwithstanding the national stabilization behavior, results point to the need for social policies appropriate to the specificities of states and regions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Mortality/trends , Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Linear Models , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. pesqui. saúde ; 16(2): 22-29, abr.-jun.2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783337

ABSTRACT

A tuberculose (TB) continua sendo um grave problema de saúde pública. A falta de medidas de proteção nos hospitais compromete o controle da TB. Objetivo: Avaliar o controle da infecção por tuberculose nos Hospitais Universitários da região Sudeste do Brasil, com base nos relatos de profissionais que trabalham no controle da infecção por tuberculose em suas instituições. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo de corte transversal por meio da aplicação de um formulário semiestruturado aos profissionais de saúde vinculados aos programas de prevenção de infecção hospitalar dos Hospitais Universitários avaliados no período de junho a setembro de 2009. Resultados: Das 16 instituições selecionadas para avaliação, 13 responderam o formulário. Em relação ao desenvolvimento de projetos sobre TB nos respectivos hospitais, 69,2% (9/13) apresenta, pelo menos, um projeto vigente voltado ao combate da TB. Sobre as unidades de isolamentos respiratórios nas institui- ções, observou-se que 92,3% (12/13) dispunham deste tipo de quarto, sendo que destes, 66,6% (8/12) são quartos individuais e 16,7% (2/12), coletivos. Os entrevistados de duas destas instituições não responderam. Quanto às medidas ambientais, 53,8% (7/13) dos entrevistados afirmaram existir exaustores e ventiladores nos locais adequados e utilizar o filtro HEPA na sua instituição. Dos sete hospitais contemplados com esses equipamentos de biossegurança, cerca de 57,1% (4/7) realizam manutenção periódica a cada seis meses. A respeito das medidas de proteção respiratória, 100% dos hospitais disponibilizam máscaras N95 aos funcionários, sendo que 92,3% (12/13) relataram reutilizá-las. Conclusão: De modo geral, é possível considerar que o controle da infecção por tuberculose nos hospitais avaliados ocorre de maneira aceitável, ainda que quase metade dos hospitais pesquisados não utilizem os equipamentos de controle ambiental e não realizem o teste tuberculínico no exame admissional...


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Disease Control , Hospital Infection Control Program , Tuberculosis/transmission
6.
J Bras Pneumol ; 36(2): 232-8, 2010.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20485945

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the principal adverse effects of the tuberculosis treatment regimen recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study involving 79 tuberculosis patients treated at the Clinical Research Center of the Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, in the city of Vitória, Brazil, between 2003 and 2006. The treatment regimen consisted of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for four months, followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for two months. During the treatment period, the patients were clinically evaluated every week and had a monthly medical visit. RESULTS: The overall incidence of adverse effects was 83.54%. Articular/bone/muscle involvement was the most common, followed by skin involvement (24.94% and 22.09%, respectively). Adverse effects were more common in the second month of treatment (41.59%). Modification of the treatment regimen was unnecessary. One patient required concomitant medication to counter the adverse effects. The cure rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of adverse effects related to the new treatment regimen recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was high. However, none of those effects demanded a change in the regimen, which was effective in the patients evaluated.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , National Health Programs/standards , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/classification , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects , Female , Government Agencies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
7.
J. bras. pneumol ; 36(2): 232-238, mar.-abr. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546379

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar os principais efeitos adversos causados pelo esquema de tratamento da tuberculose preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e prospectivo envolvendo 79 pacientes com tuberculose tratados no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, no município de Vitória, ES, entre 2003 e 2006. O regime de tratamento consistiu em isoniazida, rifampicina, pirazinamida e etambutol por quatro meses, seguido de rifampicina e isoniazida por dois meses. Durante o tratamento, os pacientes foram clinicamente avaliados todas as semanas e tinham uma visita médica mensal. RESULTADOS: A incidência geral de efeitos adversos foi de 83,54 por cento. O envolvimento articular/ósseo/muscular e o envolvimento cutâneo foram mais frequentes (24,94 por cento e 22,09 por cento, respectivamente). Os eventos adversos foram mais comuns no segundo mês de tratamento (41,59 por cento). Não houve necessidade de modificação do esquema de tratamento. Apenas 1 paciente necessitou de medicação para amenizar os efeitos adversos. A taxa de cura foi de 100 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de alta, a incidência de efeitos adversos com o novo esquema de tratamento preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde não exigiu a modificação do esquema de tratamento, que foi eficaz.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the principal adverse effects of the tuberculosis treatment regimen recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study involving 79 tuberculosis patients treated at the Clinical Research Center of the Cassiano Antonio Moraes University Hospital, in the city of Vitória, Brazil, between 2003 and 2006. The treatment regimen consisted of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for four months, followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for two months. During the treatment period, the patients were clinically evaluated every week and had a monthly medical visit. RESULTS: The overall incidence of adverse effects was 83.54 percent. Articular/bone/muscle involvement was the most common, followed by skin involvement (24.94 percent and 22.09 percent, respectively). Adverse effects were more common in the second month of treatment (41.59 percent). Modification of the treatment regimen was unnecessary. One patient required concomitant medication to counter the adverse effects. The cure rate was 100 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of adverse effects related to the new treatment regimen recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health was high. However, none of those effects demanded a change in the regimen, which was effective in the patients evaluated.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , National Health Programs/standards , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/classification , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects , Government Agencies , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
8.
J Bras Pneumol ; 35(1): 83-90, 2009 Jan.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19219335

ABSTRACT

The objective of this review was to contribute to the debate on the nosocomial transmission of TB among health professionals in a country where TB is endemic. Prior to 1900, there was no reason to believe that health professionals interacting with TB patients were more susceptible to becoming infected with the bacillus than was the general population. Between 1920 and 1930, various studies showed significant findings regarding the rates of positive tuberculin skin tests among students in the area of health care. However, most clinicians remained skeptical about the susceptibility of health professionals to becoming infected with TB. In the various locales where the treatment of patients with TB has been implemented, health professionals have been described as an especially predisposed population to becoming infected with and developing active TB. It is urgent that the scientific community and health professionals become mobilized, recognizing themselves as a population at risk of developing TB, and that actions be taken in order to minimize the potential risks of acquiring the disease at locales where patients with TB are treated.


Subject(s)
Health Personnel , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Tuberculosis/transmission , Brazil , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cross Infection/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Tuberculosis/prevention & control
9.
Rev. saúde pública ; 43(1): 123-132, Feb. 2009. mapas, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503189

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto socioeconômico e sua relação com a incidência espacial da mortalidade devido à violência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico no município de Vitória, ES, de 2000 a 2003, sobre a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes e violência, com base nas informações populacionais e socioeconômicas. Os dados sobre mortalidade foram relacionados a informações como local de residência da vítima, tipo de ocorrência, sexo e raça/cor. A análise das informações utilizou a média espacial, odds ratio e análise de cluster. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 828 óbitos por violência no período estudado, representando 17 por cento do total de óbitos do município. Destes, 72 por cento eram homicídios, 21,8 por cento acidentes de transporte e 6 por cento suicídios...


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the socioeconomic background and its relationship with spatial distribution of mortality due to violence. METHODS: Ecological study conducted to explore the space distribution of mortality due to violence in the city of Vitória, Southeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2003, based on population and socioeconomic information. Mortality data were correlated with information on victim's place of residence, type of violence, gender, and skin color. Data were analyzed using space average, odds ratio, and cluster analysis. RESULTS: There were reported 828 deaths due to violence during the study period, accounting for 17 percent of all deaths in the city. Of these, 72 percent were homicides, 21.8 percent traffic accidents, and 6 percent suicides...


OBJETIVO: Analizar el contexto socioeconómico y su relación con la incidencia espacial de la mortalidad debido a la violencia. MÉTODOS: Fue realizado estudio del tipo ecológico en el municipio de Vitória (Sureste de Brasil), de 2000 a 2003, sobre la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por accidentes y violencia, con base en las informaciones poblacionales y socioeconómicas. Los datos sobre mortalidad fueron relacionados con informaciones como lugar de residencia de la víctima, tipo de ocurrencia, sexo y raza/color. El análisis de las informaciones utilizó el promedio espacial, odds ratio y análisis de cluster. RESULTADOS: Ocurrieron 828 óbitos por violencia en el período estudiado, representando 17 por ciento del total de óbitos del municipio. De estos, 72 por ciento eran homicidios, 21,8 por ciento accidentes de transporte y 6 por ciento suicidios...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidents/mortality , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Black People/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , White People/statistics & numerical data , Homicide/ethnology , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Poverty/ethnology , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicide/ethnology , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Violence/ethnology , Young Adult
10.
Rev Saude Publica ; 43(1): 123-32, 2009 Feb.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19169584

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the socioeconomic background and its relationship with spatial distribution of mortality due to violence. METHODS: Ecological study conducted to explore the space distribution of mortality due to violence in the city of Vitória, Southeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2003, based on population and socioeconomic information. Mortality data were correlated with information on victim's place of residence, type of violence, gender, and skin color. Data were analyzed using space average, odds ratio, and cluster analysis. RESULTS: There were reported 828 deaths due to violence during the study period, accounting for 17% of all deaths in the city. Of these, 72% were homicides, 21.8% traffic accidents, and 6% suicides. Violence victims were mostly young black males, living in poorer areas of the city. In contrast, as for suicide and traffic accidents, the victims were older white females living in the wealthiest area of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that violence is a phenomenon occurring in all socioeconomic levels but black people at the lowest level are more likely to die from homicides while white well-off people are more likely to die from suicide and traffic accidents.


Subject(s)
Accidents/mortality , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Adult , Black People/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Homicide/ethnology , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Poverty/ethnology , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicide/ethnology , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Violence/ethnology , White People/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(1): 83-90, jan. 2009.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506071

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem o objetivo de contribuir para o debate sobre a transmissão nosocomial da TB em profissionais de saúde em um país onde esta é endêmica. Verificamos que até 1900 não se aceitava que os profissionais envolvidos no cuidado de pacientes portadores de TB pudessem ser mais susceptíveis à infecção pelo bacilo que a população geral. Vários estudos entre 1920 e 1930 apresentaram achados significativos nas taxas de conversão do teste tuberculínico dos estudantes da área de saúde, mas a maioria dos clínicos continuava se recusando a reconhecer a suscetibilidade dos profissionais de saúde em relação à TB. Nos diferentes locais onde o cuidado ao paciente com TB foi implantado, os profissionais de saúde são descritos como uma população especialmente exposta ao risco de contrair a infecção e adoecer. É urgente que a comunidade científica e os trabalhadores de saúde se organizem, que se reconheçam como uma população sujeita ao risco de adoecimento, e que ações se efetivem no sentido de minimizar os riscos potenciais nos locais onde acontece o cuidado a pacientes com TB.


The objective of this review was to contribute to the debate on the nosocomial transmission of TB among health professionals in a country where TB is endemic. Prior to 1900, there was no reason to believe that health professionals interacting with TB patients were more susceptible to becoming infected with the bacillus than was the general population. Between 1920 and 1930, various studies showed significant findings regarding the rates of positive tuberculin skin tests among students in the area of health care. However, most clinicians remained skeptical about the susceptibility of health professionals to becoming infected with TB. In the various locales where the treatment of patients with TB has been implemented, health professionals have been described as an especially predisposed population to becoming infected with and developing active TB. It is urgent that the scientific community and health professionals become mobilized, recognizing themselves as a population at risk of developing TB, and that actions be taken in order to minimize the potential risks of acquiring the disease at locales where patients with TB are treated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Tuberculosis/transmission , Brazil , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cross Infection/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Tuberculosis/prevention & control
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